BCA 05 (Elements of System Analysis and Design) TNOU BCA Assignment 2012

BCA 05 (Elements of System Analysis and Design) TNOU BCA  Assignment 2012

                                                                                PART A

Answer all Question

1. What is the basic difference between  System approach and System Analysis ?

Answer:

System Approach:

In our system approach, we will also use the same concept to break and design the software systems. You will first identify the granular/ leaf level functions of the system (Tasks of the system) and will group them into classes, where each class is responsible for similar types of operations. These classes are pretty much similar to workers of the above diagram. As the number of workers of the organization increases, you add managers to manage the worker group. The same will be done in the software system too. Again as the number of managers grows, that group will be pushed down and a few senior managers will be introduced to the top to control them. However during this process, you need to carefully group classes of the system to form modules as well. The number of managers and the depth of the manager pool inside a module can be decided by the complexity of the module (or the number of worker classes loaded or grouped into the module). These modules will be treated as separate divisions of an organization, where each module will be controlled by one or more managers, positioned considering the complexity of the system. These module controlling managers will help modules interact with each other.

System Analysis:

• Signals that are continuous in time and continuous in value are known as analog signals.
• Signals that are discrete in time and discrete in value are known as digital signals.
• Signals that are discrete in time and continuous in value are called discrete-time signals. While important mathematically, systems that process discrete time signals are difficult to physically realize. The methods developed for analyzing discrete time signals and systems are usually applied to digital and analog signals and systems.
• Signals that are continuous in time and discrete in value are sometimes seen in the timing analysis of logic circuits, but have little to no use in system analysis.

2. How to Define Cost  Benefit analysis ?

Answer:

Cost-benefit analysis is used to determine the economic feasibility of a project. The total expected costs are weighed against the total expected benefits. If the benefits outweigh the costs over a given period of time, the project may be considered to be financially viable. The costs involved with a software development project will consist of the initial development cost (the costs incurred up to the point where the new system becomes operational), and the operating costs of the system throughout its expected useful lifetime (usually a period of five years). The expectation is that at some point in the system's lifetime, the accumulated financial benefits of the system will exceed the cost of development and the ongoing operating costs. This point in time is usually referred to as the break-even point.

The benefits of the new system are usually considered to be the tangible financial benefits engendered by the system. These could be manifested as reduced operating costs, increased revenue, or a combination of the two. In some cases there may be one or more less tangible benefits (i.e. benefits that cannot be measured in financial terms), but such benefits are difficult to assess. Indeed the accuracy of a cost benefit analysis is dependent on the accuracy with which the development costs, operational costs and future benefits of the system can be estimated, and its outcome should always be treated with caution.

3. What are the basic rules for CRT-input Display Screens ?

Answer:

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons or electron emitter) and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others

Many online data entry devices are CRT screens that provide instant visual verification of input data and a means of prompting the operator. Operator can make any changes desired before the data go to the system processing. A CRT screen is actually a display station that has a b (memory) for storing data. A common size display is 24 rows of 80 characters each or 1,920 characters.

There are two approaches to designing data on CRT screens: in. and software utility methods. The manual method uses a work sheet m like a print layout chart. The menu or data to be displayed are blocked in the areas reserved on the chart and then they are incorporated into system to formalize data entry. For example, in the first command in the partial program is interpreted by system as follows: "Go to row 10 and column 10 on the screen and display (SAY) the statement typed between quotes." The same applies to the three commands. The command "WAIT TO A" tells the system to keep menu on the screen until the operator types the option next to the word.

"WAITING."

The main objective of screen display design is simplicity for accurate and quick data capture or entry. Other guidelines are:

   1. Use the same format throughout the project.

   2. Allow ample 3pace for the data. Overcrowding causes eye strain and may tax the interest of the user.

   3.Use easy-to-Iearn and consistent terms, such as "add," "delete,' and "create."

4. Provide help or tutorial for technical terms or procedures.

PART B

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. What are the attributes of Good Analyst ?

Answer :

                A system analyst has a range of functions, including research of problems, planning of solutions, recommendation of systems and software and coordination of developments necessary to meet business and other requirements.

In addition, they act as a liaison between vendors, IT professionals and end users, as well as often being responsible for design considerations, translation of user specific requests into technical specifications, cost analysis and development, as well as implementation time lines.

Typical problems solved by system analysts include cost-efficiency of inventory holding, evaluation of customer needs, such as ordering times, etc, and efficient analysis of financial information.

• Necessary Skills
  
  As well as requiring technical skills and knowledge, including knowledge of hardware, software and a whole range of techniques involved in system design, planning, programming, development, testing and application, a system analysts also has to have business skills, including knowing about organizational structures, and management techniques; traditions, plans, strategies and values of an organization and functional work processes.
  
  People skills, including an understanding of how people learn and think, work, respond to change and communicate. Communication and interpersonal skills are, in fact, crucial to obtain information, motivate other individuals and achieve cooperation, as well as understanding the complex processes within an organization if necessary support is to be provided.

• Qualities and Characteristics
  
  A good system analyst should consequently have excellent knowledge and skills of techniques and tools used within technology, business and people, as well as an ability to adjust to and comprehend constantly advancing technology and business methods.
  
  A good system analyst should be a logical and critical thinker who is inquisitive, patient and persevering, methodical and broad minded. In addition, he must be able to communicate with a variety of individuals from varying backgrounds in order to achieve and motivate, as well as maintain cooperation between all parties involved.

Presence
First and foremost, a good analyst must be able to put a case across and get action as a result. They need to be taken seriously by the rest of the organization. This requires good communications skills and the ability to influence discussions and outcomes. Someone may be technically very good, but that's wasted if they can't get a message across.
When recruiting analysts in the past, a major part of the selection process was getting the candidate to deliver a data based presentation to a group of prospective colleagues and internal customers. If they couldn't get their point across clearly and concisely, they usually didn't make it through to the next stage.
Commercial Awareness
In my mind, a good analyst must be as commercially aware as the people they deal with in business. He or she must understand the business implications of their analysis and recommendations. They have to be close to the business and also have a firm grasp of the context in which the business operates. There's a difference between "insight" and "actionable insight."
Data Dexterity
Obviously, an analyst must be numerate and feel comfortable with numbers. I also think a good analysts needs to have "data dexterity." By this I mean the analyst has to feel comfortable working with large volumes of data from disparate data sources, and to be able to spot relevant patterns and trends. This is different to being numerate. Producing an analysis is also different from producing a report.
Another key skill is the ability to spot when data are blatantly wrong and "just doen't look right." To often, I've seen analysts come a cropper (define) when they make recommendations based on what was obviously dirty data.
Attention to Detail
A good analyst must be able to both think strategically, but also at low levels of detail. The devil is in the details, and often there are problems or issues to be addressed that require close attention to the detail. Above all, the analysts must be suspicious and question things that don't look right. A simple mistake can prove very costly down the line.
Having said all this, a good analyst should be technically competent but that, in a way, is a hygiene factor. The above list, are the qualities that enable you to separate the winners from the also-rans. It's an optimistic set of requirements, but someone with the right temperament and attitude can be trained in some of these areas. Look for the fertile ground.
The next generation of Web analysts may be not necessarily be where you expect them to be. They may be in related or even quite separate functions or industries. But if they have the right qualities and attributes, then they're worth tracking down.